Paper IV visual guide · Visual 22 of 26 · ZERO POWER SUMS

Finite coefficients give infinite moments

Traditional monograph: Theorem 12.6 (p. 35), Corollary 12.7 (p. 36), Corollary 12.9 (p. 37), Corollary 12.10 (p. 37).

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Taking the logarithm of the canonical product identifies

\[ \kappa_{N,q}=\sigma_{N,q}:=\sum_{\lambda\in\Lambda_N}\lambda^{-q} ={\operatorname{Tr}}(K_N^q),\qquad q\ge1. \]

The same exact numbers can be computed from finitely many denominator coefficients by Newton's recurrence. No numerical zero list is needed for that calculation.

Three stacked bars show the growing share of the nearest reduced zero in successive moments.
Original drawing. Read the description below; expand the labels and data for selectable text.

Reading the drawing

Each horizontal bar has five finite zero contributions followed by the remaining tail. The total is the exact rational moment labeled for that row. The table also transcribes the displayed decimal share of the nearest zero. As the inverse-power order increases, that nearest-zero share occupies more of the bar; the widths themselves are numerical visualizations.

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Moments and nearest-zero shares
Moment orderExact total and displayed share
\(q=1\)\(\sigma_{2,1}=\frac{1}{2}\); first zero share \(0.810569\)
\(q=2\)\(\sigma_{2,2}=\frac{1}{6}\); first zero share \(0.985534\)
\(q=3\)\(\sigma_{2,3}=\frac{1}{15}\); first zero share \(0.998555\)

five finite contributions plus the remaining tail; higher moments emphasize the nearest zero

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For order two,

\[ \sigma_{2,1}=\frac12,\quad\sigma_{2,2}=\frac16,\quad \sigma_{2,3}=\frac1{15},\quad\sigma_{2,4}=\frac{17}{630}. \]

The plate shows how successive inverse powers emphasize the nearest zero. Its shaded pieces are contributions from the first five positive reduced zeros, followed by the remaining tail. The total in each row is the exact rational moment.

The tangent is a sum of poles

Logarithmic differentiation also gives

\[ T_N(z)=Nz^{N-1}\sum_{\lambda\in\Lambda_N}\frac1{\lambda-z^N} \]

away from poles. Summability of \(|\lambda|^{-1}\) permits the locally uniform partial-fraction expansion without added regularizing terms.

Read this as

A global analytic product theorem connects the infinite zero sum to a finite algebraic recurrence. The recurrence alone does not prove the product theorem.

Evidence note from the source edition

Displayed moments are checked against formal logarithm coefficients and exact order-two/order-four zeta values. Bar widths are numerical shares. General power sums use \(\lambda^{-q}\), not \(|\lambda|^{-q}\) when exceptional nonpositive zeros are present.

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