Paper IX visual guide · Visual 13 of 23

From factorial gain to analytic radius

Start reading

Resources & source

Original section in the visual-guide PDF · Original visual source

Skip contents and start reading

At every center \(x_0\in\mathbb Z_2\), the interpolations admit ordinary Taylor series \(C_j(x_0+z)=\sum_{d\ge0}a_{j,d}(x_0)z^d\). For positive degrees,

\[ \begin{aligned} v_2(a_{j,d}(x_0))&=d &&(j=0,1),\\ v_2(a_{2,d}(x_0))&\ge\max\{2d+\lfloor d/2\rfloor,\ d+3\},\\ v_2(a_{3,d}(x_0))&\ge d. \end{aligned} \]

At address two equality with \(5d/2\) holds along every power-of-two degree \(d\ge4\).

Positive-degree Taylor coefficient valuation bounds
Original figure from the retained vector PDF.

Reading the figure

The degree axis runs from one through sixty-four. Addresses zero and one have exact valuation equal to degree. Address three has that same proved lower bound. The address-two lower envelope grows more steeply; powers of two from four onward mark exact values. Degree zero is excluded. The source gives an exact radius for address two and a lower bound for address three.

Selectable labels from the original PDF

Native PDF text retains the figure’s extraction order. Equations and data tables above provide the reading order.

1
4
8 16 32 48 64
Taylor degree d
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
dyadic valuation of the degree-d coefficient
j = 0, 1: exact coefficient valuation
j = 2: coefficient lower bound
j = 2: exact along powers of two
j = 3: proved lower bound

Original vector figure PDF · Full-size image

Original figure caption

The Taylor coefficient precision slopes. The degree-zero coefficient is excluded. Marked address-two degrees belong to an unbounded proved equality family, rather than a finite observed pattern.

The radius is \(2^{\liminf_d v_2(a_d)/d}\) in the normalized dyadic absolute value. Hence

\[ R_0=R_1=2,\qquad R_2=2^{5/2},\qquad R_3\ge2. \]

The exact radius of address three is not asserted. For address two, the lower bound gives convergence inside the claimed radius and the unbounded equality family prevents a larger one.

The proof converts the factorial Newton estimates into ordinary Taylor coefficients with the Stirling relations. Generic continuity or first-order Lipschitz bounds alone do not supply this analytic conclusion.

Source and conversion record

The full edition has 23 sections and 20 figures, including eight worked examples. The older visual README describes 15 sections and 12 figures. Original wording, equations and finite-check scope are retained. Descriptions and data tables are reading aids. This conversion renders existing figure PDFs without rebuilding TeX, running the mathematical generators, auditing proofs or compiling Lean.

Source hashes and conversion checks

Notation in Paper IX

Look up a symbol without leaving this chapter. Select text before opening help to search for it.

Search this work’s notation.

    Symbols can have different meanings in different passages. Read each result in its own context.

    Open the full notation index