Paper I visual guide · Visual 21 of 22 · OPERATIONS ON SEED RANK / A RECTANGLE, NOT A DIAGONAL

Tensor products require every cross term

Main text: Proposition 4.9. Algebraic tensor products

Start reading

Resources & source

Original plate in the monograph PDF · Original atlas source

Skip contents and start reading

If \((x_i)\) generates \(X\) under \(\AA\) and \((y_j)\) generates \(Y\) under \({\mathcal B}\), then the candidate tensor seeds are all \(x_i\otimes y_j\). For finite expansions,

\[ x=\sum_i A_ix_i,\qquad y=\sum_j B_jy_j, \]

bilinearity gives the required double sum:

\[ x\otimes y=\sum_i\sum_j(A_i\otimes B_j)(x_i\otimes y_j). \]
All four coefficients in a tensor expansion
Original drawing. Read the description below; expand the labels and data for selectable text.

Reading the drawing

Row and column labels give the factors in the two linear combinations. The rectangular table retains both diagonal and cross coefficients; the displayed expansion below it uses all four terms.

Drawing labels and data 11 labels

Read the original labels as selectable text. Tables preserve grid relationships; other short labels are grouped compactly.

The coefficient rectangle
Factors\(5f_1\)\(7f_2\)
\(2e_1\)\(10\)\(14\)
\(3e_2\)\(15\)\(21\)
  • \(10(e_1\otimes f_1)+14(e_1\otimes f_2)\)
  • \(+15(e_2\otimes f_1)+21(e_2\otimes f_2)\)

Open the full-size drawing

Evidence note from the source edition

The exact expansion of \((2e_1+3e_2)\otimes(5f_1+7f_2)\). The terms away from the diagonal \(14\) and \(15\) cannot be omitted.

Keeping only the tensors with matching indices \(e_1\otimes f_1\) and \(e_2\otimes f_2\) spans a subspace of dimension two in a tensor product of dimension four. It misses both cross directions. Under scalar actions on \({\mathbb Q}^2\) and \({\mathbb Q}^2\), all four basis tensors are necessary and sufficient.

The resulting upper bound

Since simple tensors span the algebraic tensor product, the complete rectangular family proves

\[ \boxed{{\operatorname{srank}}_{\AA\otimes{\mathcal B}}(X\otimes Y) \le{\operatorname{srank}}_{\AA}(X)\,{\operatorname{srank}}_{{\mathcal B}}(Y).} \]

This is not a universal equality claim. Changing the algebra changes the answer: the full independent matrix action can make a single nonzero pure tensor cyclic. Nor does the algebraic argument itself establish a theorem for completed topological tensor products.

Read this as

The generator construction is indexed by a Cartesian product. Its proof must retain the finite double sum and the hypotheses on scalar actions that make the tensor action well defined.

Source and conversion record

The original atlas wording, equations, and drawing labels are retained. Drawings are views of the retained monograph PDF. Text descriptions and table headings are added reading aids. This conversion does not rebuild TeX, rerun the examples, audit proofs or compile Lean.

Conversion checks and source hashes

Notation in Paper I

Look up a symbol without leaving this chapter. Select text before opening help to search for it.

Search this work’s notation.

    Symbols can have different meanings in different passages. Read each result in its own context.

    Open the full notation index