Large Signal Model · Plate 2 of 17

One operation, several coordinates

A commuting square expresses coordinate independence.

Question to keep in view. Do two coordinate descriptions describe the same operation?

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Let \(\mathcal C_a={\operatorname{im}} A_a\) and \(T_{ba}=A_bS_a\). Coordinate realizations are \(F_a=A_aFS_a\) on \(\mathcal C_a\). Both paths through the square represent the same underlying operation.

A commuting square for the same operation in two coordinate charts.
A commuting square for the same operation in two coordinate charts.
Read the diagram in words

The horizontal route applies the operation in a chart. The vertical route changes charts. Commutativity says that changing charts before or after the operation gives the same realizable coefficients. Agreement between charts does not by itself establish predictive accuracy.

\[ T_{cb}T_{ba}=T_{ca},\qquad T_{aa}=I_{\mathcal C_a},\qquad F_bT_{ba}=T_{ba}F_a. \]

Conversely, a compatible family \(G_a\) on the realizable coefficient spaces determines one operation. With a supplied reference chart \(r\),

\[ F=S_rG_rA_r,\qquad G_a=A_aFS_a. \]

The mathematical point

Compatibility is a descent condition: local coordinate descriptions belong to one object-space operation precisely when they agree under transport.

A fitted family's discrepancy can be measured in object space:

\[ S_b\bigl(G_bA_bx-T_{ba}G_aA_ax\bigr) =S_bG_bA_bx-S_aG_aA_ax. \]

Scope

Zero chart discrepancy establishes agreement. It does not establish correctness of the agreed predictor. Deterministic recodings of the same observation supply the same observed information.

Formal route

Realization.lean. The formal construction uses a nonempty chart family.

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